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The Evolution Site The theory of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the defining factor in the field of modern biology. It combines disciplines like microbiology, palaeontology, genetics and palaeontology. However the study of evolutionary theory is often controversial, and the resultant misinformation can confuse people about the fundamentals of evolution. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number of organisms with beneficial traits, which enable them to thrive and reproduce in certain environments. In turn, these organisms produce more offspring than those that don't have these beneficial traits. This could result in a genetic mutation which could eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with “survival-of-the best” which means that those who are better adjusted to certain conditions will have a distinct advantage over those who are less well-adapted. However this is just one of the many ways that evolution can occur. Another popular way in which the term “evolution” is used is to suggest that a species will eventually progress from one state of being to the next state of being. This view of evolution can be described as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution is not in agreement with this view. The scientific theory of evolutionary change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are caused by mutations which result in natural selection and genomic variation. Certain scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this theory of evolution. Others, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, who developed the theory of macroevolution, believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could be derived from lower forms. A concept must be able stand up to rigorous tests and evidence to be considered as a theory. The evidence for evolution has stood the test of time and has been supported by countless studies in various sciences, from geology to biology to astronomy. Evolution is a cornerstone of science and is believed by a majority of scientists across the globe. However, there are many misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically how it is related to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation of how living things change over time. It is based on a variety of well-established observations such as the fact that more offspring are often created than are likely to survive in the long run; that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that distinct traits confer varying rates of survival and reproduction and reproduction; and that these traits can be passed on to the next generation. These observations are supported by a growing amount of evidence derived from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional morphology geology. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived the theory of evolution by selection in the mid-19th century as a way to explain how organisms adapt to their physical and biologic environments. It is today the most supported and most extensively tested theory in all of science. Its theories have been proven out by the fact that, for instance more complex organisms are more likely to have less genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition the more successful an organism is in being able to reproduce and survive and reproducing, the more likely it is to pass on its genes to the next generation. Some people are against evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious believers, like the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and even enhanced by it. Many highly skilled evolutionary biologists have been involved in constructing and testing the theory of evolution, including several revered evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these scientists have contributed to the understanding of a broad variety of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, and the development and purpose of fossils. The word “theory” which is often misused, refers to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over time. Scientists test hypotheses through repeating the experiments or observations that led them to their conclusions. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out as have the corresponding theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual change in the genetic makeup of diverse individuals within a species over time. This change is the result of the natural selection of individuals that are more well-adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these people survive and reproduce their genes are more prevalent within the population. This process is sometimes referred to as “survival of the most fittest.” According to the theory of evolution, the mutations that produce genomic variation are the raw basis for evolutionary change. These mutations can occur at random or be affected by the environment. When mutations are random, the frequencies of the resulting alleles may differ from generation to generation. In contrast, when the mutation is beneficial, it will increase the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread throughout the population. These changes in allele frequency can result in new species as time passes. The new species will then develop and evolve into new forms. This is known as macroevolution. The formation of an entirely new species is typically due to changes in the environment which make certain kinds of resources available or create new environmental problems. The evolution of finches in Galapagos Islands, for example, is due to the availability of new food and the necessity to defend themselves from predators. In a larger sense the term “evolution” refers to any change that takes place in the nature of organisms over time. This change can be subtle, such as the development of new coloration or dramatic, like the development of an organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally agree on the importance of genetic change in generating evolution. They also believe that evolution is a process that happens in time, typically over millions of years. They differ on the importance of different factors that can accelerate or slow down the process. For example the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and that the evidence to support this is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? In the decades since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support Darwin's theory of evolution. A portion of this evidence is derived from fossils which demonstrate the changing features of living organisms over time. 무료에볼루션 between living and non-living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography, and genetics are also evidence. The evolutionary tree is the best method of proving evolution. It shows how different species are related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They share a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bird or bat. Evolution is evident in the way that different species adapt and grow to similar environments. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans wear white fur coats that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolutionary process, which suggests that the species have shared common ancestors. The vestiges of structures are another source of evidence. These are a part of an organism that could have served some purpose in the distant past. The human appendix, for example is a remnant of an organ that was once used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size when they are no longer utilized in a process called natural selection. Scientists have also gathered evidence for evolution by observing and experimenting. The evidence for evolution can be classified into six different categories: changes that can be observed at a small scale biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomies, the fossil record and genetics. Each of these categories offers convincing evidence for the evolution of life. Many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution. However, it is an actual fact. It is not just a theory; it is a potent collection of decades of research and observation that has been tested and proven. Scientists continue to collect and analyze new data to better understand the history of Earth's evolution regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future global catastrophes, and how to best utilize the resources of our planet. This information will also help us better meet the needs and desires of all the people living on our planet.